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991.
Anomalous Emissions of SO2 During the Recent Eruption of Santa Ana Volcano, El Salvador, Central America 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rodolfo Olmos José Barrancos Claudia Rivera Francisco Barahona Dina L. López Benancio Henriquez Agustín Hernández Efrain Benitez Pedro A. Hernández Nemesio M. Pérez Bo Galle 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2489-2506
Santa Ana volcano in western El Salvador, Central America, had a phreatic eruption at 8:05 am (local time) on October 1, 2005,
101 years after its last eruption. However, during the last one hundred years this volcano has presented periods of quiet
degassing with fumarolic activity and an acidic lake within its crater. This paper presents results of frequent measurements
of SO2 degassing using the MiniDOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) system and a comparison with the volcanic seismicity
prior to the eruption, during, and after the eruption. Vehicle measurements of SO2 flux were taken every hour during the first nine days of the eruption and daily after that. The period of time reported here
is from August to December, 2005. Three periods of degassing are distinguished: pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive
periods. The intense activity at Santa Ana volcano started in July 2005. During the pre-eruptive period up to 4306 and 5154
ton/day of SO2 flux were recorded on October 24 and September 9, 2005, respectively. These values were of the same order of magnitude as
the recorded values just after the October 1st eruption (2925 ton/day at 10:01 am). Hourly measurements of SO2 flux taken during the first nine days after the main eruptive event indicate that explosions are preceded by an increase
in SO2 flux and that this parameter reaches a peak after the explosion took place. This behavior suggests that increasing accumulation
of exsolved magmatic gases occurs within the magmatic chamber before the explosions, increasing the pressure until the point
of explosion. A correlation between SO2 fluxes and RSAM (Real Time Seismic Amplitude Measurements) is observed during the complete sampling period. Periodic fluctuations
in the SO2 and RSAM values during the entire study period are observed. One possible mechanism explaining these fluctuations it that
convective circulation within the magmatic chamber can bring fresh magma periodically to shallow levels, allowing increasing
degasification and then decreasing degasification as the batch of magma lowers its gas content, becomes denser, and sinks
to give space to a new magma pulse. These results illustrate that the measurements of SO2 flux can provide important warning signals for incoming explosive activity in active volcanoes. 相似文献
992.
Federico Cella Maurizio Fedi Giovanni Florio Marino Grimaldi Antonio Rapolla 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007
A gravity investigation was carried out in the Somma–Vesuvius complex area (Campania, Italy) based on a dataset recently enlarged with new measurements. These cover the volcanic top and fill some other important spatial gaps in previous surveys. Besides the new gravity map of the Vesuvius, we also present the results of a 3D inverse modelling, carried out by using constraints from deep well exploration and seismic reflection surveys. The resulting density model provides a complete reconstruction of the top of the carbonate basement. This is relevant mostly on the western side of the survey area, where no significant information was previously available. Other new information regards the Somma–Vesuvius structure. It consists of an annular volume of rocks around the volcanic vent and that extends down to the carbonate basement. It results to be denser with respect to the surrounding sedimentary cover of the Campanian Plain and to the material located just along the central axis of the volcanic structure. The coherence between these features and other geophysical evidences from previous studies, will be discussed together with the other results of this research. 相似文献
993.
Marie-Lise Bernard Jack Molini Rose-Helen Petit Franois Beauducel Gilbert Hammouya Guy Marion 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2006,150(4):395-409
This paper presents the first remote measurements of La Soufrière gas emissions since the fumarolic and seismic reactivation in 1992. The chemical composition of the plumes has been measured from May 2003 to September 2004 using an Open Path Fourier Transform InfraRed (OP-FTIR) spectrometer, up to 15 m downwind the South Crater. HCl is clearly detected (concentration between 2.4 and 12 ppmv) whereas SO2 and H2S generally remain below the detection limit of the OP-FTIR. Direct measurements of SO2 and H2S near the South Crater with a Lancom III analyzer show a fast decrease of their concentrations with the distance. Calculated Cl / S mass ratios are high: from 9.4 ± 1.7 at 15 m from the vent to 2.8 ± 0.6 at 140 m. The enrichment in HCl of the gas emitted at La Soufrière, observed since 1998, corresponds to the degassing of a magma enriched in Cl and depleted in S. This result agrees with isotopic measurements which suggest a magmatic origin of the gases. Readjustments inside the volcanic system may have taken place during the seismic activity beginning in 1992 and enhance the transfer of magmatic gases to the summit. 相似文献
994.
阿尔泰晚古生代早期长英质火山岩的地球化学特征及构造背景 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
新疆北部哈巴河一带出露的一套晚古生代早期长英质火山岩主要由英安质—流纹质火山岩组成。其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为405±57Ma,为早泥盆世。地球化学特征显示它们具有Ti含量低,Mg#含量中等—富集(42.2~88.7),Th/Ta为8.6~16.4,低—中等Ti/Zr值(介于4.9~53.46);稀土配分型式为LREE富集,无Eu或中等的负Eu异常;且在蜘蛛网图上显示LILE富集,Nb和Ta亏损的特征。Y-Nb和Rb-(Y+Nb)构造判别图解显示这些长英质火山岩形成于岛弧环境。结合前人的研究成果,认为新疆北部哈巴河晚古生代早期长英质火山岩是在古亚洲洋北侧岛弧构造环境下形成的,是作为古亚洲洋从SW至NE方向朝西伯利亚古板块俯冲的产物。 相似文献
995.
996.
松辽盆地北部火山岩CO2脱气参数及其对CO2资源量估算的意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了定量评价火山岩脱CO2气量的潜力,选择松辽盆地北部火山岩进行了低温脱气实验。将火山岩加热到250℃时,脱出挥发份总量为0.0299~0.0790ml/g;其中CO2脱出量为0.0218~0.0706 ml/g(0.429~1.387wt%)。脱挥发份总量与其中CO2量具有良好的正线性相关;挥发份以CO2气为主,其次是N2气,还伴有H2、CO、CH4等还原性气体,以及更少量的低碳烷烃;基性火山岩比中、酸性火山岩脱出CO2数量较多。火山岩吸附大量CO2气,成为充足气源,火山岩脱出的吸附气主要是辗转而来的深源气,火山岩成为探索幔源气成藏的主要源岩,尤其是基性火山岩。估算CO2资源量,可将250℃时火山岩挥发份含量作为岩石挥发份及残余CO2量的下限值,而全岩分析的总碳含量可作为CO2脱出量的上限值。 相似文献
997.
西藏改则县托和平错地区展金组中发育一套早-中二叠世以玄武岩类为主、玄武安山岩次之、安山岩少量的海相火山岩组合.该火山岩中玄武岩、玄武安山岩的SiO2含量为44.43%~54.87%,TiO2含量多在4%以上,K2O+Na2O平均为4.57%,玄武岩类富K,玄武安山岩富Na.区内火山岩富集K、Ba、Th、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Sm、Ti、Cr,亏损Rb、Nb、Hf、Sc,Y/Nb在0.322~0.499之间.综合常量元素和微量元素特征,可将该火山岩归入碱性玄武岩系列.区内火山岩从基性到中性稀土元素总量基本没有变化,REE平均为402.31×10-6,LREE/HREE为8.17~12.69,为轻稀土强烈富集型,δEu为0.93~1.04,平均为0.99,无Eu异常,玄武岩的Th/Ta值多数大于1.6.火山岩的地质特征和地球化学特征表明,本区火山岩产出的大地构造环境为冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂谷环境. 相似文献
998.
新疆新源县城南石炭纪火山岩岩石学和元素地球化学研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
新疆新源县南部那拉提山北坡出露的石炭纪火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩和火山碎屑岩组成。该火山岩中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列,安山质岩石和流纹岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,其中轻稀土轻微富集而重稀土相对亏损,玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、U、Th和Pb,亏损高场强元素。研究表明,该火山岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔后,地幔楔发生部分熔融的结果。微量元素模拟计算表明,该玄武岩岩浆可以由石榴石二辉橄榄岩经3%~6%的部分熔融得到;安山质岩浆可由玄武岩岩浆经15%-28%的分离结晶形成。 相似文献
999.
Visualization of Volcanic Rock Geochemical Data and Classification with Artificial Neural Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Pablo Lacassie Javier Ruiz del Solar Barry Roser Francisco Hervé 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(6):697-710
An unsupervised neural network technique, Growing Cell Structures (GCS) was used to visualize geochemical differences between
four different island arc volcanic rock types: basalts, andesites, dacites and rhyolites. The output of the method shows the
cluster structure of the dataset clearly, and the relevant geochemical patterns and relationships between its variables. The
data can be separated into four clusters, each associated with a specific volcanic rock type (basalt, andesite, dacite and
rhyolite), according to a unique combination of major element concentrations. Following clustering, performance of the trained
GCS network as a classifier of volcanic rock type was tested using two test datasets with major element concentration data
for 312 and 496 island arc volcanic rock samples of known volcanic type. Preliminary classification results are promising.
In the first test dataset 94% of basalts, 76% of andesites, 83% of dacites and 100% of the rhyolites were classified correctly.
Successful classification rates in the second dataset were 100%, 80%, 77%, and 98% respectively. The success of the analysis
suggests that neural networks analysis constitutes a useful analytical tool for identification of natural clusters and examination
of the relationships between numeric variables in large datasets, and that can be used for automatic classification of new
data. 相似文献
1000.